ABSTRACT
The etiology of intraocular inflammatory disease and its diagnosis is complicated. Currently available and newly emerging systemic and ocular examinations are of important to determine etiology of intraocular inflammatory disorders. But there also exists multiple misunderstanding, and the strategy of their application is not well defined, or even exaggerated. Unprincipled or randomly selection of auxiliary examination would not help for etiology determination, but bring unnecessary pain and economic burden to patients. Establishment of diagnosis thinking of intraocular inflammatory disease is helpful to standardize the diagnosis process of the disease, improve the diagnostic efficiency, and relief patients from the pain and financial burden that caused by too many useless examinations.
ABSTRACT
Objective To observe and analyze the clinical features and prognosis of endogenous klebsiella pneumoniae endophthalmitis (EKPE).Methods This is a retrospective case series study.Seven patients (8 eyes) with EKPE were enrolled in this study.There were 3 males (4 eyes) and 4 females (4 eyes).The ages were from 39 to 76 years,the mean age was 57.29 years.All these cases had no history of trauma and surgery.Meanwhile,they all had some risk factors,such as infection,diabetes mellitus,systemic lupus erythematosus,liver abscess,renal insufficiency undergoing dialysis treatment,Hodgkin lymphoma and so on.All the eyes were undertaken visual acuity,slit lamp and fundus examination to observe the eye conditions.Seven eyes were undertaken pars plana vitrectomy with intravitreal injection of antibiotics from 2 days to 2 weeks after onset.And only one eye was undertaken intravitreal injection of antibiotics without surgery.Microbial stains and culture were performed for 7 eyes using vitreous and aqueous fluid samples from the procedures of vitrectomy.Meanwhile,culture and drug sensitive tests were performed from blood samples.According to the result of the drug sensitive tests,carbapenems such as imipenem and meropenem were used in each patient through intravenous injection from 1 to 2 weeks.During the follow up period from 3 days to 1 year,prognosis was observed at each office visit.Results From these eight eyes,presenting visual acuity was light perception (4 eyes),hand motion (3 eyes),0.1 (1 eye).Hypopyon (6 eyes),aqueous fluid opacity (2 eyes) and diffuse vitreous opacity (8 eyes) were found.Changes in fundus like optic disc,macular edema and retinal vascular occlusion could be observed.Cultures of the vitreous and aqueous fluid samples from vitrectomy were all point out to klebsiella pneumoniae.At last office visit,the visual acuity of patients with hypopyon was no light perception (1 eye),light perception (1 eye),hand motion (1 eye).The visual acuity of patients without hypopyon was 0.05 (1 eye) and 0.5(1 eye).Finally,1 eye was underwent enucleation and one patient with binocular disease was died of multiple organ failure.Conclusions EKPE is almost unilateral attacked.Changes in fundus like optic disc,macular edema and retinal vascular occlusion can be observed.EKPE is commonly associated with poor visual outcomes.It is useful to save patients' visual acuity by performing vitrectomy before hypopyon happened.
ABSTRACT
Objective To analyze the results of diagnostic pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) in patients with uveitis of unknown cause.Methods This is a retrospective case series study.Sixty-five patients (67 eyes) with uveitis of unknown cause were enrolled in this study.There were 31 males (32 eyes) and 34 females (35 eyes).The ages were from 6 to 84 years,with the mean age of (55.00± 18.56) years.All eyes were received PPV.Examination of vitreous samples consisted of microbial stains and culture,microbial DNA and antibody detection,cytokine measurement,cytology,flow cytometry and gene rearrangement detection.Results Vitreous analysis was positive in 40 of 67 eyes (59.7％).Positive results indicated bacterial endophthalmitis in 20 of 40 eyes (50.0％),lymphoma in 11 eyes (27.5％),viral IgM and IgG increased significantly in 3 eyes (7.5％),fungal endophthalmitis in 3 eyes (7.5％),IgG of toxocara increased significantly in 2 eyes (5.0％),IgG of toxoplasma Gondii increased significantly in 1 eye (2.5％).Conclusion The diagnostic yield of vitreous samples in uveitis eyes of unknown cause is 59.7％.
ABSTRACT
Objective To observe the clinical features and prognosis of endogenous bacterial endophthalmitis (EBE).Methods Ten eyes of 10 patients diagnosed with unilateral EBE were retrospectively reviewed,including 7 males and 3 females.The mean age was 57.6± 10.8 years old.Eight patients were with diabetes and 7 of them were diagnosed over 5 years.There were 3 patients with hepatocirrhosis,1 patient with hypertension,and 1 patient with coronary disease.Nine cases had infectious diseases,including liver abscess (7 cases),pulmonary infection (3 cases),erysipelas (1 case) and perianal abscess (1 case).Seven cases had fever history.Culture and drug sensitive tests for aerobic bacteria,anaerobic bacteria and fungal were performed for 9 eyes using vitreous samples from the procedures of vitrectomy and/or intravitreal injection.All patients were treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics and adjusted for drug use according to microbiological culture and drug sensitivity test results.After the diagnosis was established,vitrectomy combined with lens removal was performed in 5 hours (3 eyes) and 24 hours (5 eyes);Vitreous tamponade of C3F8 (1 eye) and silicone oil (7 eyes) was used;At the end of the operation,0.1 ml vancomycin (1 mg) and 0.1 ml ceftazidime (1 mg) were injected into the vitreous cavity.One eye received intravitreal injection of 0.1 ml vancomycin (1 mg) and 0.1 ml ceftazidime (mg),one eye received evisceration.During the follow up period from 6 to 24 months,visual function,slit lamp and fundus examinations were performed at each office visit.Results All patients complained of blurred vision and 5 patients had ocular pain.The visual acuity was no light perception (3 eyes),light perception (5 eyes);hand motion (1 eye) and 0.1 (1 eye).Corneal edema was found in all 10 eyes;hypopyon in 8 eyes;diffuse vitreous opacity in 10 eyes,including 3 eyes with retinal detachment.For 8 eyes treated by vitrectomy and intravitreal injection,1 eye was eviscerated due to uncontrolled inflammation.The eye treated with intravitreal injection was enucleated for its uncontrolled inflammation.For 9 eyes received vitreous culture and drug testing,8 eyes (88.9％) had positive results,including 5 eyes with Klebsiellar pneumonia,and 1 eye with Staphylococcus aureus,or Streptococcus agalactiae or Enterococcus faecalis respectively.At last office visit,2 eyes were with no light perception;4 eyes were with hand motion;and 1 eye with visual acuity of 0.1.Conclusions Most of the patients with endogenous bacterial endophthalmitis have systemic predisposing factors.Klebsiella pneumoniae is the leading cause of ocular EBE.Vitrectomy combined with intravitreal injection of antibiotics showed efficacy in treating EBE.
ABSTRACT
Objective To analyse the effect of vitrectomy in diagnosing and treating endogenous endophthalmitis. Methods The effects of treatment, prognosis and the final follow-up visual acuity of 22 patients (30 eyes) with endogenous endophthalmitis diagnosed in our hospital from Jan 2000 to Dec 2003 were retrospectively reviewed. Results In 21 patients who underwent blood or vitreous body smear and culture, 18 (86%) had a positive result, including bacteria in 6, fungi in 11, and mixed infection in 1. In 16 patients who had complete follow-up data, successful vitrectomy were performed on 13 (81.3%) including 6 with functional success. Conclusion Vitrectomy may improve the positive rate of culture and vision prognosis in patients with endogenous endophthalmitis.
ABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate the rapid diagnosis of bacterial and (or) fungal endophthalmitis by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (MPCR). Methods MPCR was performed to detect the DNA segment of bacteria and (or) fungi from standard strains and 41 samples of intraocular fluid or vitreous from 38 patients (3 with double eyes and 35 with single), and the results were compared with the cultured bacteria and fungi. Results Five hours after detected by MPCR, bacteria and (or) fungi in 34 out of 41 samples (82.9%) from patients were detected,including bacteria in 26,fungi in 6,and both bacteria and fungi in 2. The positive rate of MPCR was obviously higher than the cultured ones( ? 2 =9.60, P